关键词: 深部地下空间, 储能, 新能源, 关键技术, 发展趋势

Abstract: With the accelerated pace of the green and low-carbon transformation, the new energy industry is rapidly advancing. However, the intermittent, random, and volatile nature of new energies presents significant challenges to grid stability, limiting their rapid expansion. Energy storage technology is a critical solution to address issues such as the curtailment of solar and wind power, as it enhances renewable energy integration, ensures a stable supply, and achieves the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. In particular, deep underground space energy storage plays a vital role in the development of the emerging energy storage industry. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current status and development potential of the energy storage industry both domestically and internationally, along with the progress in deep underground space energy storage technologies. On this basis, it systematically explores the development status of energy storage technologies in various deep underground spaces, such as salt caverns, depleted oil and gas reservoirs, deep aquifers, and abandoned mines, including underground gas storage, compressed air energy storage (CAES), and hydrogen storage. Further, it analyzes the technical challenges faced by energy storage, considering the factors such as deep and complex geological conditions, long-term alternating loads during energy storage and release, and the multi-field coupling of thermal, fluid, solid, and chemical processes in reservoirs. The study highlights key development trends in energy storage technologies, with a focus on the refined characterization of deep underground spaces, site selection and evaluation for subsurface energy storage, construction and optimization of high-efficiency energy storage systems, as well as dynamic monitoring, efficient operation and maintenance of these systems. Additionally, future research directions are proposed for energy storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs by integrating technologies such as gas storage, hydrogen storage, CO₂ sequestration, and cushion gas replacement. The study advocates for intensified research and pilot testing of deep underground space energy storage technologies, aiming to accelerate the development of large-scale deep underground energy storage systems and contribute to the high-quality realization of the "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" goals.

Key words: deep underground space, energy storage, new energy, key technologies, development trends