Research and experiment on reservoir stimulation technology for ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs at 10 000 meters depth

doi:10.7623/syxb202602012

Acta Petrolei Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 466-481,490.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202602012

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Research and experiment on reservoir stimulation technology for ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs at 10 000 meters depth

Weng Dingwei^1,2, Yang Zhanwei^1,2, Peng Jianxin³, Cai Bo^1,2, Fu Haifeng^1,2, Wang Liwei^1,2, Liu Ju³, Gao Ying^1,2, Huang Rui^1,2, Xu Minjie^1,2, Zhang Zhaoyang⁴

1. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China;
2. CNPC Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Reservoir Stimulation, Hebei Langfang 065007, China;
3. Oil & Gas Technology Research Institute, PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company, Xinjiang Korla 841000, China;
4. College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China

Received:2025-01-07 Revised:2025-12-25 Published:2026-03-13

万米特深碳酸盐岩储层改造技术研究和试验

翁定为^1,2, 杨战伟^1,2, 彭建新³, 才博^1,2, 付海峰^1,2, 王丽伟^1,2, 刘举³, 高莹^1,2, 黄瑞^1,2, 徐敏杰^1,2, 张朝阳⁴

1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院北京 100083;
2. 中国石油天然气集团有限公司油气藏改造重点实验室河北廊坊 065007;
3. 中国石油塔里木油田公司油气工艺研究院新疆库尔勒 841000;
4. 中国石油大学(北京)石油工程学院北京 102249

通讯作者: 杨战伟,男,1982年11月生,2012年获中国石油勘探开发研究院硕士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院高级工程师,主要从事水力压裂技术研究工作。Email:yzw69@petrochina.com.cn
作者简介:翁定为,男,1981年6月生,2013年获中国石油勘探开发研究院博士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院压裂酸化技术中心主任、教授级高级工程师,主要从事压裂工艺技术方面的研究。Email:wendw69@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
中国石油天然气股份有限公司科研攻关项目“万米深层碳酸盐岩储层改造技术研究”(671023115001)和中国石油天然气集团有限公司科研项目“非常规储层体积压裂共性技术研究”(2023ZZ28YJ01)资助。

Abstract

Abstract: The stimulation of carbonate reservoirs at depths exceeding 10 000 meters encounter significant problems, including difficulties in fracturing under ultra-high stresses, limited stimulation scale due to short lengths of fractures acid-etched at ultra-high temperatures, stringent temperature resistance requirements for fracturing fluids, and challenges in proppant transport at low pumping rates. Based on an analysis of the characteristics of these oil and gas reservoirs and the causes for low productivity and inefficiency of certain wells after reservoir stimulation, this study investigates the origins of low pumping rates and ultra-high fracturing pressures and their effects on stimulation performance. Focusing on reducing fracturing pressure and achieving volumetric fracturing, the study proposes both key stimulation techniques and exploratory directions for further technological advancements. Theoretical and physical model experiments demonstrate that ultra-high stress and the additional stress protection layer formed during well drilling and completion in tight reservoirs are the primary reasons for ultra-high fracturing pressures. High-density weighted fracturing, combined with surface ultra-high pressure equipment, offers an effective solution to this problem. The acid fracturing physical simulation confirms that volumetric stimulation can be achieved using joint fractures, creating the primary fracture while etching the lateral joint fractures. Effectiveness analysis of high-temperature acid-etched fractures reveals that near-well zones tend to undergo transitional dissolution, and fractures generated by residual acid along the original wellbore are dominantly ineffective. The study proposes the main technology of high-density weighted fracturing combined with multi-stage composite ultra-far acid fracturing, as well as the exploration of combined sand fracturing and acid fracturing stimulation techniques. This has supported the successful reservoir stimulation of the first ten-thousand-meters well in China (Well Shendi Take 1) and provides valuable insights for the stimulation of ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs in international contexts.

Key words: ten-thousand-meters ultra-deep, subsalt dolomite, ultra-high stress, high-density weighted fracturing, ultra-far acid fracturing, composite stimulation

摘要： 万米以深碳酸盐岩储层改造面临超高地应力压开难度大、超高温酸蚀裂缝改造范围小距离短、对压裂液耐温要求高、低排量加砂难度大等难题。基于对该类油气储集层特点及部分井改造低产低效原因的分析,研究了低排量超高施工压力产生的原因及对改造效果的影响,从降低施工压力及实现体积改造出发,提出了主体改造技术及改造探索技术方向。理论及物理模拟实验分析超高地应力与钻完井形成的致密储层附加应力保护层是超高施工压力主要原因,高密度加重压裂配合地面超高压设备可有效解决该难题。酸压物理模拟证实可借助节理缝实现体积改造,改造形成主裂缝同时酸蚀侧向节理缝,高温酸蚀裂缝有效性分析得出近井易形成过渡溶蚀,远井带残酸形成的裂缝以无效缝为主。提出高密度加重+多级复合超远酸压的主体技术及探索加砂压裂和加砂与酸压的复合改造技术,支撑了中国首口万米井(深地塔科1井)顺利实施储层改造,也为国内外万米特深碳酸盐岩储层改造提供了借鉴。

关键词: 万米特深, 盐下白云岩, 超高应力, 高密度加重压裂, 超远酸压, 复合改造

CLC Number:

TE357

Weng Dingwei, Yang Zhanwei, Peng Jianxin, Cai Bo, Fu Haifeng, Wang Liwei, Liu Ju, Gao Ying, Huang Rui, Xu Minjie, Zhang Zhaoyang. Research and experiment on reservoir stimulation technology for ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs at 10 000 meters depth[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2026, 47(2): 466-481,490.

翁定为, 杨战伟, 彭建新, 才博, 付海峰, 王丽伟, 刘举, 高莹, 黄瑞, 徐敏杰, 张朝阳. 万米特深碳酸盐岩储层改造技术研究和试验[J]. 石油学报, 2026, 47(2): 466-481,490.

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Research and experiment on reservoir stimulation technology for ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs at 10 000 meters depth

万米特深碳酸盐岩储层改造技术研究和试验

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[1]	Wang Xiangzeng, Yang Hong, Sun Xiao. Integrated CO₂ fracturing-flooding-storage technology for low-permeability tight oil reservoirs and its field practice [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2026, 47(1): 120-133.
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[5]	Jia Deli, Wang Zhi, Sun Fuchao, Wang Quanbin, Yang Qinghai. Progress and prospect of layered water injection wellbore communication technique [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2025, 46(12): 2410-2426.
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[13]	Luo Zhengshan, Zhang Jingqi, Luo Jihao, Wang Xiaowan. Prediction of minimum miscibility pressure for CO₂ flooding based on the IMA-AmMLP model [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024, 45(10): 1522-1528.
[14]	Zhao Mingwei, Dai Caili, Liu Peng, Gao Mingwei, Wu Yining, Yuan Bin. Characteristics and efficient imbibition-oil displacement mechanism of gemini surfactant slickwater for integrated fracturing flooding technology [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024, 45(9): 1409-1421.
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