CO2驱油过程中孔喉结构对储层岩石物性变化的影响

doi:10.7623/syxb202105009

石油学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 654-668,685.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202105009

CO₂驱油过程中孔喉结构对储层岩石物性变化的影响

王千¹, 杨胜来¹, 拜杰², 赵卫³, 李佳峻¹, 陈浩¹

1. 中国石油大学(北京)石油工程学院北京 102249;
2. 中国石油长庆油田公司油气工艺研究院陕西西安 710021;
3. 中国石油技术开发有限公司北京 100028

收稿日期:2020-03-27 修回日期:2021-01-12 出版日期:2021-05-25 发布日期:2021-06-05
通讯作者: 陈浩,男,1985年10月生,2009年获中国石油大学(北京)学士学位,2015年获中国石油大学(北京)油气田开发工程专业博士学位,现为中国石油大学(北京)海洋油气工程系副教授,主要从事油层物理和注气提高采收率的教学和科研工作。Email:chenhaomailbox@163.com
作者简介:王千,男,1991年1月生,2014年获西南石油大学学士学位,2020年获中国石油大学(北京)博士学位,主要从事油气田开发方面的研究。Email:wq5635137@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目"超深层碎屑岩油气藏渗流物理基础研究"（No.51774300）资助。

Influence of pore throat structure on changes in physical properties of reservoir rock during CO₂ flooding

Wang Qian¹, Yang Shenglai¹, Bai Jie², Zhao Wei³, Li Jiajun¹, Chen Hao¹

1. School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;
2. Research Institute of Oil and Gas Technology, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Shaanxi Xi'an 710021, China;
3. China Petroleum Technology and Development Corporation, Beijing 100028, China

Received:2020-03-27 Revised:2021-01-12 Online:2021-05-25 Published:2021-06-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 注CO₂提高储层原油采收率过程中，储层中流体的渗流和分布受岩石孔喉结构控制，且注入的CO₂会引发原油中的沥青质沉淀，导致储层渗透率下降并改变储层的润湿性。通过在4块渗透率相似但孔喉结构不同的岩心上进行的混相和非混相的CO₂驱油实验研究了CO₂驱油过程中岩石孔喉结构对储层岩石物性变化的影响。基于岩石孔径分布和压汞曲线，根据分形理论对岩心孔喉结构特征进行定量评估。实验结果表明，在提高原油采收率方面，混相驱替比非混相驱替高12.2%~16.8%，孔喉结构相对均质的岩心比非均质岩心高18.1%~26.9%，在非混驱替时原油采收率受岩心孔隙结构的影响更明显。由于沥青质沉淀堵塞孔喉，混相和非混相驱替后岩心渗透率分别下降了7.5%~14.2%、4.0%~7.9%，且渗透率下降幅度与岩心孔喉结构分形维数呈正比。混相和非混相驱替后岩心的润湿指数分别下降了26.8%~59.8 ％、10.5%~21.6%。由于更大的CO₂波及体积，孔喉结构相对均质的岩心水湿性减弱更显著。混相驱替和均质的孔喉结构使岩心物性变化分布更均匀，且均质的孔喉结构可以在提高CO₂驱油效率的同时，减弱沥青质沉淀造成的岩心渗透率下降及润湿性变化，减弱程度分别为3.5%~6.7%、11.2%~33.0%。

关键词: CO₂驱油, 孔喉结构, 沥青质沉淀, 储层堵塞, 渗透率下降, 润湿性变化

Abstract: During CO₂ enhanced oil recovery, the flow and distribution of fluid in reservoirs are controlled by the pore-throat structures of rocks, and CO₂ injection promotes asphaltene precipitation from crude oil, decreasing the permeability and altering reservoir wettability. In this work, miscible and immiscible CO₂ flooding experiments were carried out on four samples with very similar permeability values but different pore-throat structures in order to study the effects of pore-throat structure on changes in reservoir properties during CO₂ flooding. The features of pore-throat structure were quantitatively evaluated by fractal theory, based on pore size distribution and rate-controlled porosimetry mercury intrusion curves. The experimental results showed that the oil recovery of miscible flooding was 12.2% -16.8% higher than that of immiscible flooding, and the cores with more homogeneous pore-throat structure have the values which were 18.1% -26.9% higher than that of heterogeneous cores, moreover, the oil recovery was more significantly affected by the pore-throat structure during immiscible flooding. The permeability of the cores after miscible and immiscible flooding decreased by 7.5% -14.2% and 4.0% -7.9% due to the blockage of the pore throat caused by asphaltene precipitation, and the permeability decline was proportional to the fractal dimension of the pore-throat structure. The wettability indexes of cores after miscible and immiscible flooding decreased by 26.8% -59.8% and 10.5% -21.6%, respectively. Due to the larger sweep volume of injected CO₂, the water wettability of cores with homogeneous pore-throat structure was weakened more significantly. Miscible flooding and homogeneous pore-throat structures make the distribution of core physical property variation more uniform, and the homogeneous pore-throat structures can improve the efficiency of CO₂ flooding and reduce the permeability decline and wettability variation caused by asphaltene precipitation, the degree is 3.5% -6.7%, 11.2% -33.0% respectively.

Key words: CO₂ flooding, pore-throat structure, asphaltene precipitation, reservoir blockage, permeability decline, wettability alteration

中图分类号:

TE357.4

王千, 杨胜来, 拜杰, 赵卫, 李佳峻, 陈浩. CO₂驱油过程中孔喉结构对储层岩石物性变化的影响[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(5): 654-668,685.

Wang Qian, Yang Shenglai, Bai Jie, Zhao Wei, Li Jiajun, Chen Hao. Influence of pore throat structure on changes in physical properties of reservoir rock during CO₂ flooding[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2021, 42(5): 654-668,685.

参考文献

[1] 袁士义,王强,李军诗,等.注气提高采收率技术进展及前景展望[J].石油学报,2020,41(12):1623-1632.
YUAN Shiyi,WANG Qiang,LI Junshi,et al.Technology progress and prospects of enhanced oil recovery by gas injection[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2020,41(12):1623-1632.
[2] 黄兴,倪军,李响,等.致密油藏不同微观孔隙结构储层CO₂驱动用特征及影响因素[J].石油学报,2020,41(7):853-864.
HUANG Xing,NI Jun,LI Xiang,et al.Characteristics and influencing factors of CO₂ flooding in different microscopic pore structures in tight reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2020,41(7):853-864.
[3] 王千,杨胜来,拜杰,等.非均质多层储层中CO₂驱替方式对驱油效果及储层伤害的影响[J].石油学报,2020,41(7):875-884.
WANG Qian,YANG Shenglai,BAI Jie,et al.Influence of CO₂ flooding mode on oil displacement effect and reservoir damage in heterogeneous multi-layer reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2020,41(7):875-884.
[4] 魏兵,尚晋,蒲万芬,等.碳酸水-原油体系中CO₂分子的扩散行为[J].石油学报,2021,42(1):64-72.
WEI Bing,SHANG Jin,PU Wanfen,et al.Diffusion of CO₂ molecules in the carbonated water-crude oil system[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2021,42(1):64-72.
[5] 胡永乐,郝明强,陈国利,等.中国CO₂驱油与埋存技术及实践[J].石油勘探与开发,2019,46(4):716-727.
HU Yongle,HAO Mingqiang,CHEN Guoli,et al.Technologies and practice of CO₂ flooding and sequestration in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2019,46(4):716-727.
[6] 钱坤,杨胜来,窦洪恩,等.注CO₂过程中流体性质变化及驱油机理实验研究[J].石油科学通报,2019,4(1):69-82.
QIAN Kun,YANG Shenglai,DOU Hong'en,et al.Interaction of the CO₂-oil system and displacement mechanisms during CO₂ flooding[J].Petroleum Science Bulletin,2019,4(1):69-82.
[7] 胡伟,吕成远,王锐,等.水驱转CO₂混相驱渗流机理及传质特征[J].石油学报,2018,39(2):201-207.
HU Wei,LÜ Chengyuan,WANG Rui,et al.Porous flow mechanisms and mass transfer characteristics of CO₂ miscible flooding after water flooding[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(2):201-207.
[8] 吕成远,王锐,崔茂蕾,等.高含水条件下CO₂混相驱替实验[J].石油学报,2017,38(11):1293-1298.
LÜ Chengyuan,WANG Rui,CUI Maolei,et al.Displacement experiment of CO₂ miscible flooding under high water condition[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(11):1293-1298.
[9] QIAN Kun,YANG Shenglai,DOU Hong'en,et al.Experimental investigation on microscopic residual oil distribution during CO₂ huff-and-puff process in tight oil reservoirs[J].Energies,2018,11(10):2843.
[10] WANG Qian,YANG Shenglai,LORINCZI P,et al.Experimental investigation of oil recovery performance and permeability damage in multilayer reservoirs after CO₂ and water-alternating-CO₂ (CO₂-WAG)flooding at miscible pressures[J].Energy & Fuels,2020,34(1):624-636.

[11] 王琛,李天太,高辉,等.CO₂驱沥青质沉积对岩心的微观伤害机理[J].新疆石油地质,2017,38(5):602-606.
WANG Chen,LI Tiantai,GAO Hui,et al.Microscopic damage mechanism of asphaltene deposition on cores during CO₂ flooding[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2017,38(5):602-606.
[12] LEI Hao,YANG Shenglai,QIAN Kun,et al.Experimental investigation and application of the asphaltene precipitation envelope[J].Energy & Fuels,2015,29(11):6920-6927.
[13] BEHBAHANI T J,GHOTBI C,TAGHIKHANI V,et al.Investigation on asphaltene deposition mechanisms during CO₂ flooding processes in porous media:a novel experimental study and a modified model based on multilayer theory for asphaltene adsorption[J].Energy & Fuels,2012,26(8):5080-5091.
[14] ALI M A,KHOLOSY S M,AL-HADDAD A A.Laboratory investigation of dynamic growth of asphaltene deposition and formation damage on sandstone cores[R].SPE 163274,2012.
[15] LAI Jin,WANG Guiwen.Fractal analysis of tight gas sandstones using high-pressure mercury intrusion techniques[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2015,24:185-196.
[16] QIAN Kun,YANG Shenglai,DOU Hong'en,et al.Formation damage due to asphaltene precipitation during CO₂ flooding processes with NMR technique[J].Oil & Gas Science and Technology,2019,74(12):11.
[17] WANG Chen,LI Tiantai,GAO Hui,et al.Quantitative study on the blockage degree of pores due to asphaltene precipitation in low-permeability reservoirs with NMR technique[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2018,163:703-711.
[18] KORD S,MOHAMMADZADEH O,MIRI R,et al.Further investigation into the mechanisms of asphaltene deposition and permeability impairment in porous media using a modified analytical model[J].Fuel,2014,117:259-268.
[19] ZANGANEH P,AYATOLLAHI S,ALAMDARI A,et al.Asphaltene deposition during CO₂ injection and pressure depletion:a visual study[J].Energy & Fuels,2012,26(2):1412-1419.
[20] 唐梅荣,张同伍,白晓虎,等.孔喉结构对CO₂驱储层伤害程度的影响[J].岩性油气藏,2019,31(3):113-119.
TANG Meirong,ZHANG Tongwu,BAI Xiaohu,et al.Influence of pore throat structure on reservoir damage with CO₂ flooding[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2019,31(3):113-119.
[21] GAO Hui,LI Huazhou.Determination of movable fluid percentage and movable fluid porosity in utra-low permeability sandstone using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)technique[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2015,133:258-267.
[22] LEI Hao,YING Li,WANG Zhilin,et al.Oil recovery performance and CO₂ storage potential of CO₂ water-alternating-gas injection after continuous CO₂ injection in a multilayer formation[J].Energy & Fuels,2016,30(11):8922-8931.
[23] CHEN J,HIRASAKI G J,FLAUM M.NMR wettability indices:effect of OBM on wettability and NMR responses[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2006,52(1/4):161-171.
[24] 肖佃师,卢双舫,陆正元,等.联合核磁共振和恒速压汞方法测定致密砂岩孔喉结构[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(6):961-970.
XIAO Dianshi,LU Shuangfang,LU Zhengyuan,et al.Combining nuclear magnetic resonance and rate-controlled porosimetry to probe the pore-throat structure of tight sandstones[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(6):961-970.
[25] WANG Fuyong,YANG Kun,YOU Jingxi,et al.Analysis of pore size distribution and fractal dimension in tight sandstone with mercury intrusion porosimetry[J].Results in Physics,2019,13:102283.
[26] WANG Qian,LORINCZI P,GLOVER P W J.Oil production and reservoir damage during miscible CO₂ injection[J].The Leading Edge,2020,39(1):22-28.
[27] OKWEN R T.Formation damage by CO₂ asphaltene precipitation[R].SPE 98180,2006.
[28] GLOVER P W J,WALKER E.Grain-size to effective pore-size transformation derived from electrokinetic theory[J].Geophysics,2008,74(1):E17-E29.
[29] WANG Qian,YANG Shenglai,HAN Haishui,et al.Experimental investigation on the effects of CO₂ displacement methods on petrophysical property changes of ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs near injection wells[J].Energies,2019,12(2):327.
[30] CAO Meng,GU Yongan.Physicochemical characterization of produced oils and gases in immiscible and miscible CO₂ flooding processes[J].Energy & Fuels,2012,27(1):440-453.
[31] WU Hao,ZHANG Chunlin,JI Youliang,et al.An improved method of characterizing the pore structure in tight oil reservoirs:integrated NMR and constant-rate-controlled porosimetry data[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2018,166:778-796.
[32] UETANI T.Wettability alteration by asphaltene deposition:a field example[R].SPE 171788,2014.

CO₂驱油过程中孔喉结构对储层岩石物性变化的影响

Influence of pore throat structure on changes in physical properties of reservoir rock during CO₂ flooding

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 8

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	邹才能, 何东博, 贾成业, 熊波, 赵群, 潘松圻. 世界能源转型内涵、路径及其对碳中和的意义[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(2): 233-247.
[2]	王千, 杨胜来, 拜杰, 钱坤, 李佳峻. 非均质多层储层中CO₂驱替方式对驱油效果及储层伤害的影响[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(7): 875-884,902.
[3]	余义常, 徐怀民, 高兴军, 江同文, 方惠京, 孙廷彬. 海相碎屑岩储层不同尺度微观剩余油分布及赋存状态——以哈得逊油田东河砂岩为例[J]. 石油学报, 2018, 39(12): 1397-1409.
[4]	周宇, 王锐, 苟斐斐, 郎东江. 高含水油藏CO₂驱油机理[J]. 石油学报, 2016, 37(S1): 143-150.
[5]	王敬刘慧卿汪超锋庞海洋. 聚合物驱数学模型的若干问题[J]. 石油学报, 2011, 32(5): 857-861.
[6]	周彦, 谭秀成, 刘宏, 杨金利, 姚宴波, 李俊良, 钟华, 林建平. 四川盆地磨溪构造嘉二段孔隙型碳酸盐岩储层的评价[J]. 石油学报, 2009, 30(3): 372-378.
[7]	于忠良, 熊伟, 高树生, 刘军平. 致密储层应力敏感性及其对油田开发的影响[J]. 石油学报, 2007, 28(4): 95-98.
[8]	马昌峰, 陈光进, 郭天民. 原油特征化方法的改进[J]. 石油学报, 2000, 21(4): 65-69.