致密储层“注入—焖井—生产”一体化压驱实验

doi:10.7623/syxb202606009

石油学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6): 1244-1257.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202606009

• 油田开发 • 上一篇

致密储层“注入—焖井—生产”一体化压驱实验

马莅^1,2,3, 卢聪², 郭建春², 吴建发^1,3, 宋毅^1,3, 沈骋^1,3, 黎俊峰^1,3

1. 中国石油西南油气田公司页岩气研究院四川成都 610051;
2. 西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室四川成都 610500;
3. 页岩气地质评价与高效开发四川省重点实验室四川成都 610051

收稿日期:2025-10-16 修回日期:2026-02-08 发布日期:2026-07-02
通讯作者: 马莅,男,1994年10月生,2024年获西南石油大学博士学位,现为中国石油西南油气田公司页岩气研究院博士后分站博士后,主要从事油气田开发及储层改造相关研究工作。Email:swpumali177@163.com
作者简介:马莅,男,1994年10月生,2024年获西南石油大学博士学位,现为中国石油西南油气田公司页岩气研究院博士后分站博士后,主要从事油气田开发及储层改造相关研究工作。Email:swpumali177@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(No.52374044)和四川省科技计划项目(2025JDDQ0002)资助。

Integrated “injection-soaking-production” fracturing-flooding experiment for tight reservoirs

Ma Li^1,2,3, Lu Cong², Guo Jianchun², Wu Jianfa^1,3, Song Yi^1,3, Shen Cheng^1,3, Li Junfeng^1,3

1. Shale Gas Research Institute, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, Sichuan Chengdu 610051, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Sichuan Chengdu 610500, China;
3. Shale Gas Geological Evaluation and Efficient Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Chengdu 610051, China

Received:2025-10-16 Revised:2026-02-08 Published:2026-07-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于核磁共振在线监测技术,设计了致密储层“注入—焖井—生产”一体化压驱实验,通过核磁共振伪彩图分析“注入—焖井—生产”过程中基质—裂缝内油水流动规律,根据核磁共振T₂谱从微观尺度定量表征不同孔径介质中油水渗吸置换—动态驱替规律,探究基质渗透率、裂缝长度、注水速度以及焖井时间对压驱采油效果的影响。实验结果表明,裂缝在前期注入过程中可降低注水压力;在焖井过程中,裂缝增加驱替剂与基质中原油的接触面积,提高油水渗吸置换效率;在生产过程中,在驱油剂协同作用下可提高驱油效率。当缝长比从0增至2/3时,前期注水阶段中大孔及裂缝的采出程度增加且占据前期注水阶段驱油量的主要部分,驱替效率从48.73 % 提升至65.99 %; 当缝长比增至1(贯穿缝)时,注入流体沿裂缝优势通道窜流,微小孔及中孔采出程度降低,驱油效率下降至56.12 % 。当压驱注水速度从0.2 mL/min增至1.0 mL/min时,注入水沿储层高渗层窜流,减小水驱作用的面积,驱油效率由53.21 % 降至48.24 % 。在焖井过程中,微小孔及中孔中油相在渗吸作用下进入大孔及裂缝,即压驱注水后进行适度焖井,可强化基质与裂缝之间的油水置换作用,提高后期驱油效果。研究结果揭示了致密储层“注入—焖井—生产”一体化压驱作用机理,可有效指导压驱现场实施。

关键词: 致密储层, 压驱工艺, 压驱注入, 焖井渗吸, 表面活性剂驱油, 核磁共振

Abstract: An integrated "injection-soaking-production" fracturing-flooding experiment for tight reservoirs was designed utilizing online nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) monitoring technology. Fluid flow patterns within the matrix and fractures during the "injection-soaking-production" cycle were analyzed via NMR pseudo-color imaging. Based on NMR T₂ spectra, the mechanisms of oil-water imbibition-replacement and dynamic displacement in media with varying pore sizes were quantitatively characterized at the microscopic scale. Furthermore, the influences of matrix permeability, fracture length, injection rate, and soaking time on the pressure-driven oil recovery efficiency were investigated. Experimental results demonstrate that fractures effectively reduce injection pressure during the initial injection phase. During the soaking phase, fractures expand the contact area between the displacement agent and the crude oil within the matrix, thereby enhancing the oil-water imbibition and replacement efficiency. During the production phase, the synergistic effect of the displacement agent further improves oil recovery efficiency. When the fracture length ratio increases from 0 to 2/3, the recovery percentage of macropores and fractures during the initial waterflooding stage rises, accounting for the majority of oil recovery in this phase, and the displacement efficiency improves from 48.73 % to 65.99 % . However, when the fracture length ratio reaches 1 (penetrating fractures), the injected fluid undergoes channeling through the dominant fracture pathways, leading to a decrease in the recovery percentage from micropores and mesopores, and a subsequent reduction in oil displacement efficiency to 56.12 % . As the water injection rate increases from 0.2 mL/min to 1.0 mL/min, the injected water channels through high-permeability zones, thereby reducing the sweep efficiency and causing the oil displacement efficiency to decrease from 53.21 % to 48.24 % . During the soaking phase, the oil phase within micropores and mesopores migrates into macropores and fractures via capillary imbibition; specifically, optimal soaking time following pressure-driven injection enhances the oil-water replacement between the matrix and fractures, improving subsequent displacement efficiency. These findings elucidate the integrated "injection-soaking-production" mechanism in tight reservoirs, providing effective guidance for the field implementation of pressure-driven development.

Key words: tight reservoir, pressure-driven development technology, pressure-driven injection, soaking imbibition, surfactant flooding, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)

中图分类号:

TE357

马莅, 卢聪, 郭建春, 吴建发, 宋毅, 沈骋, 黎俊峰. 致密储层“注入—焖井—生产”一体化压驱实验[J]. 石油学报, 2026, 47(6): 1244-1257.

Ma Li, Lu Cong, Guo Jianchun, Wu Jianfa, Song Yi, Shen Cheng, Li Junfeng. Integrated “injection-soaking-production” fracturing-flooding experiment for tight reservoirs[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2026, 47(6): 1244-1257.

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致密储层“注入—焖井—生产”一体化压驱实验

Integrated “injection-soaking-production” fracturing-flooding experiment for tight reservoirs

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