Advances and prospects of underground coal gasification technology

doi:10.7623/syxb202601008

Acta Petrolei Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 105-119.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202601008

Advances and prospects of underground coal gasification technology

Chen Yanpeng^1,2, Zou Caineng^1,2, Xu Hao³, Kong Lingfeng^4,5, Dong Zhen^1,2, Zhang Bin^1,6, Liu Ding³, Xue Junjie^1,2, Chen Hao^1,2, Zhou Zhongying³, Zhao Yufeng^1,2, Zhang Mengyuan^1,2

1. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China;
2. CNPC Key Laboratory of Coal-rock Gas, Hebei Langfang 065007, China;
3. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geoscience (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;
4. CNPC Russia, Beijing 100034, China;
5. School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Shandong Qingdao 266580, China;
6. Xinjiang Research Institute of Huairou Laboratory, Xinjiang Urumqi 830011, China

Received:2025-11-19 Revised:2025-12-26 Published:2026-02-12

煤炭地下油气化技术进展与展望

陈艳鹏^1,2, 邹才能^1,2, 许浩³, 孔令峰^4,5, 东振^1,2, 张斌^1,6, 刘丁³, 薛俊杰^1,2, 陈浩^1,2, 周中颖³, 赵宇峰^1,2, 张梦媛^1,2

1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院北京 100083;
2. 中国石油天然气集团有限公司煤岩气重点实验室河北廊坊 065007;
3. 中国地质大学(北京)能源学院北京 100083;
4. 中国石油俄罗斯公司北京 100034;
5. 中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院山东青岛 266580;
6. 怀柔实验室新疆研究院新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

通讯作者: 东振,男,1988年3月生,2023年获中国石油勘探开发研究院博士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院高级工程师,主要从事煤原位转化方面研究工作。Email:dongzhen69@petrochina.com.cn
作者简介:东振,男,1988年3月生,2023年获中国石油勘探开发研究院博士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院高级工程师,主要从事煤原位转化方面研究工作。Email:dongzhen69@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项(2024ZD1406000,2025ZD1404200)、中国石油天然气集团有限公司重大技术现场试验科研项目(2025ZS61)、中国石油青年科技专项(2024DQ03221)、中国石油集团科学技术委员会战略研究与咨询项目(2025DQ0728)和中国石油勘探开发研究院超前基础研究项目(2022YJCQ01)资助。

Abstract

Abstract: China possesses huge reserves of coal resources at depths exceeding 1000 meters. Underground coal pyrolysis and gasification (UCPG) is an effective technological approach for exploiting deep coal resources, enabling the conversion of high carbon energy into low-carbon oil and gas through fluidization. This unconventional hydrocarbon recovery technology is pivotal for promoting the clean and low-carbon transformation of fossil energy and enhancing oil and gas production capacity. According to the principle of UCPG technology, this paper delineates the technical connotation of UCPG, elaborates on the research progress of three main technical pathways, proposes technical countermeasures and theoretical technical frameworks based on theoretical technical challenge analysis, and concludes with prospects for synergistic development. Research indicates that:(1) UCPG exhibits the characteristics of "artificial hydrocarbon generation, integrated source-reservoir system, and in-situ mining", reflecting a strategic transition from tapping exsiting hydrocarbon reserves to boosting oil and gas production increments, as well as the transformation of development approaches from "artifical reservoirs" to "artificial hydrocarbon generation and in-situ accumulation". (2) Underground coal pyrolysis(UCP) technology, targeting tar-rich coal as the primary resource and tar as the main product, shows China leads the world in field trials. Recently, more efforts should be made to accelerate the finalization of core technology. The underground coal gasification(UCG) products exhibit the characteristics of hydrogen enrichment in shallow coal seams and methane enrichment in deep coal seams. Recent efforts should prioritize overcoming technological bottlenecks in gasification stability and controllability. Supercritical water-underground coal gasification (SCW-UCG), a technology pioneered in China, produces hydrogen-rich products, and possesses great potential for blue hydrogen production. Now, it is imperative to accelerate breakthroughs in basic theories and key technologies. The three technologies show a consistent trend of decreasing oil production capacity and increasing hydrogen production capacity. (3) To enhance the theoretical and technological maturity of UCPG, it is necessary to strengthen theoretical and technological breakthroughs in the in-situ coal-to-oil/gas conversion mechanisms, multiphysics-chemical coupling mechanisms, sealing integrity evaluation of geological formations, transparent monitoring and intelligent control. Collaborative development with new energy and CCUS provides a main way to resolve the economic and environmental dilemmas of UCPG, and deep integration with green electricity, green hydrogen, energy storage, and hydrocarbon development demonstrates the main direction for industrial synergy. (4) It is recommended that petroleum and petrochemical companies should leverage their comprehensive advantages in deep oil and gas exploration technologies, and integrated development of multiple industries. They should lead the development of new businesses through new disciplines, enhance support for scientific research and focuses extensively on artificial intelligence, and simultaneously promote the construction of indoor and underground laboratories. Guided by the "one engine with six drives" engineering methodology, they should drive new businesses to break through technical and market barriers.

Key words: underground coal gasification, underground coal pyrolysis, supercritical water-underground coal gasification, tar-rich coal, supercritical water, hydrogen

摘要： 中国埋深超过1 000 m的煤资源储量巨大,煤炭地下油气化是通过流态化方式将高碳能源转化为低碳油气的非常规开发技术,是开发深部煤资源的有效技术途径,对于推动化石能源清洁低碳转型、提升油气上产能力具有重大意义。根据煤炭地下油气化技术原理,提出了煤炭地下油气化的技术内涵,阐述了3条主要技术路径的研究进展,基于理论技术挑战分析,提出了技术对策和理论技术框架,最后展望了协同发展前景。研究表明:煤炭地下油气化具有"人工生烃、源储一体、原位开采"的特征,体现了开发油气存量到生产油气增量的思维转换,体现了开发方式从"人工油气藏"到"人工生烃、原位成藏"的转变。煤炭地下干馏以富油煤作为主要开发对象、以焦油作为主要目标产物,中国在现场试验方面走在了世界前列,近期应加快主体技术定型;煤炭地下气化产物具有浅部富氢、深部富甲烷的特征,近期应加快突破气化稳定性和可控性的技术瓶颈;煤炭地下超临界水气化是一项中国原创技术,具有产物极富氢的特点,生产蓝氢的潜力巨大,近期应加快基础理论和关键技术攻关。3个技术呈现出产油能力降低、产氢能力提高的变化规律。为提升煤炭地下油气化的理论技术成熟度,应在煤原位转化油气机理、多物理场与化学场耦合作用机理、地质体密闭性评价、透明监测与智能控制方面加强理论技术攻关,与新能源、CCUS协同发展,是破解煤炭地下油气化"经济性""绿色性"难题的主要途径,与绿电、绿氢、储能和油气开发深度融合是主要产业协同方向。建议石油石化企业发挥在深部油气勘探开发技术、多产业融合发展方面的综合优势,通过新学科引领新业务发展,加大科研支持力度和人工智能重视程度,同步推进室内与地下试验室建设,以"一全六化"工程方法论为指引,推动新业务突破产业关。

关键词: 煤炭地下气化, 煤炭地下干馏, 煤炭地下超临界水气化, 富油煤, 超临界水, 氢

CLC Number:

TE349

Chen Yanpeng, Zou Caineng, Xu Hao, Kong Lingfeng, Dong Zhen, Zhang Bin, Liu Ding, Xue Junjie, Chen Hao, Zhou Zhongying, Zhao Yufeng, Zhang Mengyuan. Advances and prospects of underground coal gasification technology[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2026, 47(1): 105-119.

陈艳鹏, 邹才能, 许浩, 孔令峰, 东振, 张斌, 刘丁, 薛俊杰, 陈浩, 周中颖, 赵宇峰, 张梦媛. 煤炭地下油气化技术进展与展望[J]. 石油学报, 2026, 47(1): 105-119.

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Advances and prospects of underground coal gasification technology

煤炭地下油气化技术进展与展望

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