深水气井水合物沉积预测新模型

doi:10.7623/syxb201908008

石油学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (8): 975-982.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201908008

深水气井水合物沉积预测新模型

高永海^1,2, 孟文波³, 崔燕春¹, 张崇³, 陈野¹, 董钊³, 孙金声^1,2, 孙宝江^1,2

1. 中国石油大学(华东)非常规油气开发教育部重点实验室山东青岛 266580;
2. 中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院山东青岛 266580;
3. 中海石油(中国)有限公司湛江分公司广东湛江 524057

收稿日期:2018-07-10 修回日期:2019-06-10 出版日期:2019-08-25 发布日期:2019-08-28
通讯作者: 孙宝江,男,1963年11月生,1985年获华东石油学院学士学位,1999年获北京大学流体力学专业博士学位,现为中国石油大学(华东)教授,主要从事海洋石油工程、井控、多相流动、油气井流体力学与工程研究工作。Email:sunbj1128@126.com
作者简介:高永海,男,1977年9月生,2000年获山东工程学院学士学位,2008年获中国石油大学(华东)油气井工程专业博士学位,现为中国石油大学(华东)副教授,主要从事海洋石油工程、井筒多相流研究工作。Email:upcgaoyh@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（No.51876222）、教育部创新团队项目（IRT_14R58）和中国海洋石油集团公司重大专项"深水测试关键技术研究"（CNOOC-KJ135ZDXM05LTDZJ02）资助。

A new prediction model for hydrate deposition in deepwater gas well

Gao Yonghai^1,2, Meng Wenbo³, Cui Yanchun¹, Zhang Chong³, Chen Ye¹, Dong Zhao³, Sun Jinsheng^1,2, Sun Baojiang^1,2

1. Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development, Ministry of Education, China University of Petroleum, Shandong Qingdao 266580, China;
2. School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Shandong Qingdao 266580, China;
3. Zhanjiang Branch, CNOOC China Limited, Guangdong Zhanjiang 524057, China

Received:2018-07-10 Revised:2019-06-10 Online:2019-08-25 Published:2019-08-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由水合物聚结、沉积导致的井筒堵塞是气井测试中常见的安全隐患。预测水合物的生成与沉积规律，有利于控制事故风险、降低生产损失。通过对水合物颗粒在管流气核区和管壁附近的生成与运移机理分析的基础上，引入液滴沉积比率和转化比率，建立了一种适用于环雾流条件下的水合物沉积预测新模型，并参照实际工况设计了实验验证。实验结果表明，理论值与实验值趋势一致，平均偏差为4.9%，验证了模型的可靠性。以深水井X井为例，通过数值模拟探究了不同位置处水合物沉积规律。试算结果表明，水合物沉积堵塞过程可以划分为4个阶段，其中初始沉积阶段、临界沉积阶段所占时间比例较短，而沉积亚稳态生长阶段、沉积快速生长阶段所占时间比例较长。水合物堵塞主要发生在井筒偏上部分，尤其是井口附近。随着深度的增长，水合物沉积速率与沉积厚度逐渐减少，且减小幅度逐渐增大，堵塞风险减小。

关键词: 深水, 水合物颗粒, 转化比率, 沉积预测模型, 沉积规律

Abstract:

The wellbore blockage caused by hydrate coalescence and deposition is a common safety hazard in gas well testing. The prediction on hydrate formation and deposition laws is conductive to control accident risk and reduce production loss. This paper analyzes the formation and migration of hydrate particles at the tube center and inner wall, respectively. Through introducing the droplet deposition ratio and conversion ratio, a new hydrate deposition prediction model suitable for annular mist flow has been established on the basis of mechanism analysis; it has been verified by experiment simulating the actual reaction under field conditions. The theoretical and experimental values show the same trend with an average deviation of 4.9%, thus validating the reliability of the model. Taking a deepwater well as a case, the hydrate deposition laws at different positions have been studied by numerical simulation. The calculation results indicate that the hydrate deposition and blockage process can be divided into four stages, in which the initial deposition stage and the critical deposition stage account for shorter time, while the deposition metastable growth stage and the deposition rapid growth stage account for longer time. Hydrate blockage mainly occurs in the upper part of wellbore, especially the area near the wellhead. With the increase of depth, the hydrate deposition rate and deposition layer thickness gradually decrease, and the decreasing range increases gradually, reducing the wellbore blockage risk.

Key words: deepwater, hydrate particle, conversion ratio, deposition prediction model, deposition rules

中图分类号:

TE358

高永海, 孟文波, 崔燕春, 张崇, 陈野, 董钊, 孙金声, 孙宝江. 深水气井水合物沉积预测新模型[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(8): 975-982.

Gao Yonghai, Meng Wenbo, Cui Yanchun, Zhang Chong, Chen Ye, Dong Zhao, Sun Jinsheng, Sun Baojiang. A new prediction model for hydrate deposition in deepwater gas well[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2019, 40(8): 975-982.

参考文献

[1] 李建周,高永海,郑清华,等.深水气井测试过程水合物形成预测[J].石油钻采工艺,2012,34(4):77-80.
LI Jianzhou,GAO Yonghai,ZHENG Qinghua,et al.Hydrate formation prediction in deepwater gas well testing[J].Oil Drilling & Production Technology,2012,34(4):77-80.
[2] WANG Zhiyuan,ZHAO Yang,ZHANG Jianbo,et al.Flow assurance during deepwater gas well testing:hydrate blockage prediction and prevention[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2018,163:211-216.
[3] PATÉ-CORNELL M E.Risk analysis and risk management for offshore platforms:lessons from the piper alpha accident[J].Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering,1993,115(3):179-190.
[4] MORAIS M,AZEVEDO F,KVELLO O,et al.Lessons of roncador pipelay point to time,cost savings[J].Oil & Gas Journal,2001,99(40):72-73.
[5] MILLHEIM K K,WILLIAMS T E,YEMINGTON C R.Evaluation of well testing systems for three deepwater Gulf of Mexico (GOM) reservoir types[R].SPE 145682,2011.
[6] TABIBZADEH M,MESHKATI N.Learning from the BP deepwater horizon accident:risk analysis of human and organizational factors in negative pressure test[J].Environment Systems and Decisions,2014,34(2):194-207.
[7] ARRIETA V V,TORRALBA A O,HERNANDEZ P C,et al.Case history:lessons learned from retrieval of coiled tubing stuck by massive hydrate plug when well testing in an ultradeepwater gas well in Mexico[J].SPE Production & Operations,2011,26(4):337-342.
[8] 孙宝江,马欣本,刘晓兰,等.钻井液添加剂JLX-B抑制天然气水合物形成的实验研究[J].石油学报,2008,29(3):463-466.
SUN Baojiang,MA Xinben,LIU Xiaolan,et al.Experimental study on drilling fluid additive JLX-B for inhibiting natural gas hydrate formation[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2008,29(3):463-466.
[9] 宁伏龙,张凌,蒋国盛,等.深水油基钻井液中抑制水合物形成的实验研究[J].石油学报,2009,30(3):440-443.
NING Fulong,ZHANG Ling,JIANG Guosheng,et al.Experimental study on inhibition of hydrate in oil-based drilling fluid for deepwater drilling[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(3):440-443.
[10] 赵欣,邱正松,黄维安,等.天然气水合物热力学抑制剂作用机制及优化设计[J].石油学报,2015,36(6):760-766.
ZHAO Xin,QIU Zhengsong,HUANG Weian,et al.Inhibition mechanism and optimized design of thermodynamic gas hydrate inhibitors[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(6):760-766.
[11] PARRISH W R,PRAUSNITZ J M.Dissociation pressures of gas hydrates formed by gas mixtures[J].Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development,1972,11(1):26-35.
[12] WANG Zhiyuan,SUN Baojiang.Annular multiphase flow behavior during deep water drilling and the effect of hydrate phase transition[J].Petroleum Science,2009,6(1):57-63.
[13] 王志远,赵阳,孙宝江,等.井筒环雾流传热模型及其在深水气井水合物生成风险分析中的应用[J].水动力学研究与进展,2016,31(1):20-27.
WANG Zhiyuan,ZHAO Yang,SUN Baojiang,et al.Heat transfer model for annular-mist flow and its application in hydrate formation risk analysis during deepwater gas well testing[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2016,31(1):20-27.
[14] VYSNIAUSKAS A,BISHNOI P R.A kinetic study of methane hydrate formation[J].Chemical Engineering Science,1983,38(7):1061-1072.
[15] SLOAN E D JR,FLEYFEL F.A molecular mechanism for gas hydra nucleation from ice[J].AIChE Journal, 1991,37(9):1281-1292.
[16] LONG J.Gas hydrate formation mechanism and its kinetic inhibition[D].Golden:Colorado School of Mines,1994.
[17] AUSTVIK T,LI Xiaoyun,GJERTSEN L H.Hydrate plug properties:formation and removal of plugs[J].Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,2000,912(1):294-303.
[18] TURNER D J,MILLER K T,SLOAN E D.Direct conversion of water droplets to methane hydrate in crude oil[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2009,64(23):5066-5072.
[19] DELAHAYE A,FOURNAISON L,GUILPART J.Characterisation of ice and THF hydrate slurry crystal size distribution by microscopic observation method[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration,2010,33(8):1639-1647.
[20] SUM A K,KOH C A,SLOAN E D.Developing a comprehensive understanding and model of hydrate in multiphase flow:from laboratory measurements to field applications[J].Energy & Fuels,2012,26(7):4046-4052.
[21] NICHOLAS J W,DIEKER L E,SLOAN E D,et al.Assessing the feasibility of hydrate deposition on pipeline walls-adhesion force measurements of clathrate hydrate particles on carbon steel[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2009,331(2):322-328.
[22] CAMARGO R,PALERMO T.Rheological properties of hydrate suspensions in an asphaltenic crude oil[C]//Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Gas Hydrates,2002,1:880-885.
[23] 刘海红,李玉星,王武昌,等.天然气水合物颗粒微观受力及聚集特性研究进展[J].化工进展,2013,32(8):1796-1800.
LIU Haihong,LI Yuxing,WANG Wuchang,et al.Microscopic force and agglomeration of natural gas hydrate particles[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2013,32(8):1796-1800.
[24] 王武昌,陈鹏,李玉星,等.天然气水合物浆在管道中的流动沉积特性[J].天然气工业,2014,34(2):99-104.
WANG Wuchang,CHEN Peng,LI Yuxing,et al.Flow and deposition characteristics of natural gas hydrate in pipelines[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(2):99-104.
[25] 赵鹏飞,王武昌,李玉星.流动体系下油基天然气水合物颗粒管壁粘附机制[J].油气储运,2016,35(5):482-487.
ZHAO Pengfei,WANG Wuchang,LI Yuxing.Pipe wall adhesion mechanism of natural gas hydrate particles in oil-dominated flowlines[J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2016,35(5):482-487.
[26] 王韧,宁伏龙,刘天乐,等.游离甲烷气在井筒内形成水合物的动态模拟[J].石油学报,2017,38(8):963-972.
WANG Ren,NING Fulong,LIU Tianle,et al.Dynamic simulation of hydrate formed from free methane gas in borehole[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(8):963-972.
[27] 魏纳,孙万通,孟英峰,等.海洋天然气水合物藏钻探环空相态特性[J].石油学报,2017,38(6):710-720.
WEI Na,SUN Wantong,MENG Yingfeng,et al.Annular phase behavior analysis during marine natural gas hydrate reservoir drilling[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(6):710-720.
[28] 吴宁,张琪,蔡中庆,等.水平井筒气液两相变质量流动流型转变的研究[J].石油学报,2001,22(5):79-83.
WU Ning,ZHANG Qi,CAI Zhongqing,et al.Study on flow pattern transition of gas-liquid two phases variable mass flow in horizontal wellbore[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2001,22(5):79-83.
[29] 张振楠,孙宝江,王志远,等.产液气井泡沫排液起泡能力分析[J].石油学报,2019,40(1):108-114.
ZHANG Zhennan,SUN Baojiang,WANG Zhiyuan,et al.The foamability analysis of foam drainage in liquid-producing gas wells[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2019,40(1):108-114.
[30] Turner D,Boxall J,Yang S,et al.Development of a hydrate kinetic model and its incorporation into the OLGA2000® transient multiphase flow simulator[C]//5th International Conference on Gas Hydrates,Trondheim,Norway.2005:12-16.
[31] ANDREUSSI P,AZZOPARDI B J.Droplet deposition and interchange in annular two-phase flow[J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow,1983,9(6):681-695.
[32] KATAOKA I,ISHⅡ M,MISHIMA K.Generation and size distribution of droplet in annular two-phase flow[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering,1983,105(2):230-238.
[33] DI LORENZO M,AMAN Z M,SOTO G S,et al.Hydrate formation in gas-dominant systems using a single-pass flowloop[J].Energy & Fuels,2014,28(5):3043-3052.
[34] WANG Zhiyuan,ZHANG Jianbo,SUN Baojiang,et al.A new hydrate deposition prediction model for gas-dominated systems with free water[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2017,163:145-154.
[35] AMAN Z M,DI LORENZO M,KOZIELSKI K,et al.Hydrate formation and deposition in a gas-dominant flowloop:initial studies of the effect of velocity and subcooling[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,35:1490-1498.
[36] WANG Zhiyuan,SUN Baojiang,WANG Xuerui,et al.Prediction of natural gas hydrate formation region in wellbore during deep-water gas well testing[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2014,26(4):568-576.

深水气井水合物沉积预测新模型

A new prediction model for hydrate deposition in deepwater gas well

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	张家强, 李士祥, 李宏伟, 周新平, 刘江艳, 郭睿良, 陈俊霖, 李树同. 鄂尔多斯盆地延长组7油层组湖盆远端重力流沉积与深水油气勘探——以城页水平井区长7₃小层为例[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(5): 570-587.
[2]	徐立涛, 何玉林, 石万忠, 梁金强, 王任, 杜浩, 张伟, 李冠华. 琼东南盆地深水区天然气水合物成藏主控因素及模式[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(5): 598-610.
[3]	杨希冰, 周杰, 杨金海, 何小胡, 吴昊, 甘军, 游君君. 琼东南盆地深水区东区中生界潜山天然气来源及成藏模式[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(3): 283-292.
[4]	邵珠福, 张文鑫, 毛毳, 栾锡武, 钟建华, John Howell, 刘泽璇, 赵冰, 冉伟民, 刘晶晶. 砂岩侵入体及其油气地质意义[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(3): 378-398.
[5]	王黎松, 高宝奎, 胡天祥, 马超, 王捷力. 考虑材料非线性的环空增压预测模型[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(2): 235-243.
[6]	王宴滨, 高德利. 基于多自由度系统的深水钻井隔水管紧急解脱反冲响应[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(10): 1259-1265.
[7]	高德利, 王宴滨. 海洋深水钻井力学与控制技术若干研究进展[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(S2): 102-115.
[8]	杨进, 黄鑫, 杨宇翔, 胡志强, 宋宇, 刘和兴, 徐东升, 蔡饶, 李磊. 深水油气井新型膨胀导管力学特性[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(S2): 116-122.
[9]	刘书杰, 谢仁军, 仝刚, 吴怡, 徐国贤. 中国海洋石油集团有限公司深水钻完井技术进展及展望[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(S2): 168-173.
[10]	张忠涛, 张向涛, 孙辉, 石宁, 张博, 冯轩. 珠江口盆地渐新世陆架边缘三角洲沉积特征及其对成藏的控制作用[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(s1): 81-89.
[11]	罗静兰, 何敏, 庞雄, 李弛, 柳保军, 雷川, 马永坤, 庞江. 珠江口盆地南部热演化事件与高地温梯度的成岩响应及其对油气勘探的启示[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(s1): 90-104.
[12]	王家豪, 彭光荣, 柳保军, 郑金云, 杨飞. 碎屑岩成岩拉平处理及沉积作用控制储层物性的定量表征——以珠江口盆地白云凹陷为例[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(s1): 115-123.
[13]	柳保军, 庞雄, 王家豪, 任建业, 刘军, 郑金云, 向绪洪, 蔡国富, 吴宇翔. 珠江口盆地深水区伸展陆缘地壳减薄背景下的沉积体系响应过程及油气勘探意义[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(s1): 124-138.
[14]	胡志强, 杨进, 路保平, 侯绪田, 黄小龙, 巩立根, 李文龙, 李舒展. 深水泡沫套管静水压载特性与压力控制机理[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(6): 726-733.
[15]	梁建设, 黄兴文, 蔡文杰, 王颖, 陈亮, 张义娜. 墨西哥Burgos盆地Perdido构造带Wilcox组源-汇体系及勘探前景[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(12): 1439-1450.